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Green roofs were once constructed as earthen mounds or cave-like buildings covered in vegetation. They were used for agriculture, residential use, and ritualistic purposes. These primitive green roofs provide summer cooling, winter insulation, and shelter from the weather. But their lack of wildlife deterrents and waterproofing made them unsuitable for modern conveniences. Since then, green […]

On June 2, 1906, Italian architect and designer Carlo Scarpa was born in Venice. Before his family moved back to Venice after his mother passed away in 1919, he was exposed to a new visual environment during his early years in Vicenza. At the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Venice, where he concentrated on

The towering Gothic cathedrals and the classical Roman architectural legacy are united by the unique Romanesque architectural style that arose in Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Romanesque architecture, distinguished by its colossal character, thick walls, round arches, strong piers, enormous towers, and ornate arcades, represents the resurgence of monumental structures during the Middle